Name

Dense Gas MDA (Modeling Data Archives)	MDA are a collection of field data sets that have been used in the evaluation of dense-gas dispersion models. The archives include data from the following field experiments: Burro, Coyote, Desert Tortoise, Goldfish, Maplin Sands, Prairie Grass, and Thorney Island. Burro, Coyote, and Maplin Sands involved area-source releases of dense gases (duration ~ several minutes). Desert Tortoise and Goldfish involved jet releases of two-phase aerosols (duration ~ several minutes). Thorney Island involved instantaneous releases of dense gases. Prairie Grass involved tracer releases (10 min duration, see below). All releases were either ground-based or close to the ground (~1 m). Most experiments have concentric measuring arcs placed up to a few thousand meters downwind, MDA contain maximum concentration at each measuring arc. Detailed meteorological and concentration data are also available.	Extensive model evaluation (commonly-used dense gas dispersion models such as SLAB, DEGADIS, HGSYSTEM, etc.) with the data. Reports available.
Prairie Grass	This classical passive tracer experiments were conducted in 1956 in O’Neill, Nebraska. Tracer gas SO₂ was released near the surface for about 10 minutes. Samplers were placed at 1.5 m above the ground, in arcs at 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 m downwind. The data have been used to derive s_y and s_z used in many Gaussian dispersion models. Good horizontal coverage of sampler data allowed the estimation of s_y. However, the only direct measure of s_z was at the 100-m arc, where there were six 18-m towers carrying samplers. All other s_z estimates were made on the basis of surface concentrations by assuming no loss of tracer and a normal distribution of concentration in the vertical.	Extensive analysis and model evaluation done with the data.
Kit Fox	Include data from one field (Nevada Test Site) and three wind tunnels (U. of Arkansas, U. of Surrey, and EPA). The wind tunnel tests are designed to mimic the field tests, which involved ground-level releases (duration ~ 20 s to several minutes) of CO₂ in a nested obstacle array. The measuring arcs for the field tests are up to 225 m downwind. The field program lasted for about a month.	Extensive model evaluation (HGSYSTEM) done with the data, data used to develop new vertical entrainment laws. Data sets and reports are available. Hanna, S. R. et al., in Atmos. Env., 35, 13, pg 2223-2229 and 2231-2242, 2001.
DTRA Phase I	Experiments consisted of releasing near instantaneous clouds or puffs of propylene gas that were measured with fast-response photo-ionization detectors (PIDs). A computer-controlled gas release system was used to allow periodic, repeated releases. Thirty four trials were conducted, at the Dugway Proving Ground, over a range of distances from 200 to 1200 m under a variety of wind conditions. During the post-test analysis it was determined that 25 trials contained useful data. Propylene puffs were released at a height of about 1.3 m above the ground, and measured by the PIDs at a eight of 1.6 m. The 48 detectors that were available for each experiment were arranged in a line roughly perpendicular to the mean wind direction with a crosswind spacing of 6, 8, or 10 m between detectors.	Data used to study along-wind dispersion..
DP26 (Dipole Pride 26)	DP26 involved instantaneous, stationary, ground-level point-source releases of SF₆ at the Nevada Test Site. Measuring arcs are located about 1, 5, and 20 km downwind from the source. Concentration data are mainly 15-min averages from 90 whole-air samplers along three sampling lines. Meteorological data are from eight surface stations, one radiosonde station, and two pibal stations. The field program lasted for about a month.	Extensive quality assurance and model evaluation (HPAC, VLSTRACK and CALPUFF) with the data. Value-added data sets also available. Data sets and reports are ready for distribution. Chang, J.C., et al., 2003: Evaluations of CALPUFF, HPAC, and VLSTRACK with two mesoscale field data sets. To appear in J. Appl. Meteor. Chang, J.C., 2002: Comparison of dispersion model uncertainty components. Proc. 12th Jt Conf. on the Application of Air Pollution Meteorology with the A&WMA, AMS, Boston, MA.
OLAD (Overland Alongwind Dispersion)	OLAD involved nearly instantaneous line-source releases, both ground-level and elevated, of SF₆ at the Dugway Proving Ground. Measuring arcs are located about 1, 5, and 20 km downwind from the source. Concentration data are mainly 15-min averages from 45 whole-air samplers along three sampling lines. Meteorological data are from 16 surface stations, one radiosonde station, and one pibal station. Eight surface stations measured winds at 2 m above the ground, and the other eight surface stations measured winds at 10 m above the ground.	Extensive quality assurance done with the data and model evaluation (HPAC, VLSTRACK, and CALPUFF). Value-added data sets also available. Data sets and reports available. Chang, J.C., et al., 2003: Evaluations of CALPUFF, HPAC, and VLSTRACK with two mesoscale field data sets. To appear in J. Appl. Meteor.
MVP (Model Validation Program)	Consisted of three, three-week sessions of intensive field measurements in Cape Canaveral and Vandenberg AFB, where SF₆ tracer was released (both puffs and plumes) and sampled from both aerial and ground-based platforms. The plumes and puffs were tracked by two sampling aircraft, six ground sampling vehicles, and three infrared camera teams. Onsite meteorological data was supplemented by the use of a specially-equipped meteorological aircraft, three ground meteorology stations, two acoustic sodars, sodar and two acoustic anemometers.	Data being analyzed. To be used in model evaluation (HPAC, CALPUFF, and VLSTRACK) in the future.
LROD (Long-Range Overwater Diffusion)	Consisted of a series of airborne SF₆ releases from an Air Force C-130 transport aircraft, which flew perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction and released lines of SF₆ in the marine boundary layer in the Pacific Ocean northwest of Kauai, Hawaii. A second aircraft with a continuous SF₆ analyzer sampled the plume at distances up to 100 km downwind, with six small boats also tracking the plume to similar distances. Meteorological data were collected by the NOAA/ATDD Long-EZ airborne Mobile Flux Platform (MFP) during horizontal transects, and gentle ascents and descents.	Data used to study along-wind dispersion.
ACURATE (Atlantic Coast Unique Regional Atmospheric Tracer Experiment)	Consisted of measuring the Kr-85 air concentrations from emissions of the Savannah River Plant. Twelve and 24-h average air concentrations were collected for 19 months at five locations along the East Coast from 300 to 1000 km from the plant. Meteorological data are from the NCEP/NCAR Re-analysis Project. Part of the ARL’s (Air Resources Laboratory) DATEM (Data Archive of Tracer Experiments and Meteorology).	Acquisition only. Downloaded from publicly available source: http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ss/transport/tracer.html
ANATEX (North America Tracer Experiment)	Consisted of 66 PerFluorocarbon Tracer (PFT) releases every 2.5 days. Air samples were collected for three months over 24-h periods at 75 sites covering most of the eastern US and southeastern Canada. Releases were from Glasgow, Montana, and from St. Cloud, Minnesota. Meteorological data are from the NCEP/NCAR Re-analysis Project. Part of the ARL DATEM.	Acquisition only. Downloaded from publicly available source: http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ss/transport/tracer.html
Metropolitan Tracer Experiment (METREX)	The METREX experiment consisted of 6 hour emissions of perfluorocarbons simulaneously, from two different locations, every 36 hours. The tracer release locations were in suburban Washington, D.C, while 8 hour air samples were colleced at three locations within the urban area. The experiment ran for one full year. In addition monthly air concentration samples were collected at about 60 locations throughout the region.	Acquisition only. Downloaded from publicly available source: http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ss/transport/tracer.html
CAPTEX (Cross Appalachian Tracer Experiment)	Consisted of six 3-h PFT releases, four from Dayton, Ohio, and two from Sudbury, Ontario, with samples collected at 84 sites, 300 to 800 km from the source, at 3- and 6-h averages for about a 48-h duration after each release. Meteorological data are from the NCEP/NCAR Re-analysis Project. Part of the ARL DATEM.	Acquisition only. Downloaded from publicly available source: http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ss/transport/tracer.html
ETEX (European Tracer Experiment)	Perfluorocarbon tracers were released from Monterfil, Brittany, France, in October and November 1994 and tracked for 72 hours across 17 European countries by a network of 168 ground stations. Upper-air measurements were also made by three aircraft. Three samplers were located in the North Sea. The average spacing between two sampling stations in the resulting configuration was about 80 km. Each station was designed to sample over a period of 72 consecutive hours (24 three-hour samples), with sampling starting time progressively delayed from West to East. The stations closest to the source started sampling 3 hours before the release start; the most distant stations ended sampling 90 hours after the release start. Overall some 9000 samples were successfully collected in the two experiments. In October, a westerly air flow carried the plume to the northeast across Europe. In November, the plume went east. In the course of the two releases, the tracer clouds were sampled as far away as Poland, Sweden, and Bulgaria. The experiment recorded tracer concentrations at ground level and in the upper air, routine and special meteorological conditions, and the trajectories of constant-altitude balloons. http://rem.jrc.cec.eu.int/etex/	OMEGA model evaluation.
INEL74	Consisted of over two months of Kr-85 releases from Idaho and continuous 12-h sampling at 11 locations in a line about 1500 km downwind (Oklahoma City to Minneapolis). Meteorological data are from the NCEP/NCAR Re-analysis Project. Part of the ARL DATEM.	Acquisition only. Downloaded from publicly available source: http://www.arl.noaa.gov/datem/
OKC80	Consisted of single release of two different PFT tracers over a 3-h duration with samples of 3-h duration collected at 10 sites 100 km and 35 sites 600 km downwind from the Oklahoma City release point. Meteorological data are from the NCEP/NCAR Re-analysis Project. Part of the ARL DATEM.	Acquisition only.
Birmingham	Finite duration releases of PMCH and PMCP in the city of Birmingham, U.K. for three field experiments; Main purpose were to test new instrumentation; Dispersion over 1 – 10 km; Available: Release and concentration data, surface meteorology, profiler data. A report and journal papers provide sufficient information about the data.	Data used for urban dispersion models validations.
DOE VTMX/CBNP Salt Lake City (SLC), 2000	The Chemical and Biological National Security Program (CBNP) the Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored a meteorological and tracer field campaign to study the urban environment and its effect on atmospheric dispersion. The URBAN field campaign was conducted in Salt Lake City in October 2000, and was coincident with the DOE's Vertical Transport and Mixing Experiment (VTMX), a region-wide meteorological and tracer experiment (http://www.pnl.gov/vtmx/). The field study was to understand the meteorological and fluid dynamical processes governing dispersion in urban areas. Additionally, field experiment results will be used to evaluate and improve atmospheric dispersion models. We obtained SF6 tracer releases in downtown Salt Lake City. Have six days, each day includes three one-hour SF6 releases. Includes met data and tracer concentration at 66 locations at monitoring distances up to about 5 km. The following web pages provide back more detailed information about the field experiment including a map of several locations of data collection: VTMX/CBNP Urban http://en-env.llnl.gov/urban/ VTMX/CBNP: http://www.pnl.gov/vtmx `Locations of data collection: http://etd.pnl.gov:2080/vtmx/map.htm`	Data used for urban dispersion models validation.
BARREL	`The data focus on studying close-range atmospheric dispersion in the presence of surface mounted obstacles. The trials were conducted at the SLC test site inUtah’s` `Western` `Desert.` `Propylene (C3H6) tracer gas was released at ground level and 1H. At each of the two source heights, five different barrel configurations were arranged near the source.` `Instantaneous concentration measurements were simultaneously acquired within the array from 43 photoionization detectors arranged in three arcs. Turbulence data in the roughness sub layer and near the source were also measured using 6 sonic anemometers. A total of 13.5 hours of turbulence and concentration data were acquired spanning four days (July 17, 18, 19, and 26) in the summer of 2001. A report accompanying the data explains in more detail the field trials.`	Acquisition only
LA 2001	Consisted of 5-min SF₆ tracer releases in downtown Los Angeles. The plume was sampled by ~50 samplers at 2.5-min averages, up to 1 km from the source. Surface wind fields were measured at two locations at 8 and 36 m above the ground within the test array.	To be acquired once the report and data are finalized.
Data by R.W. Macdonald and C.E. Ejim	Hydraulic flume (water tunnel) modeling of dispersion over simple 1:200 obstacle arrays. Flow fields were measured by acoustic Doppler velocimeters, and visualized with rhodamine dye tracer.	Flow data available. Concentration data not yet available.Flow modeling with FEFLO. Hanna, S. R. et al., in Atmos. Env., 36, 32, pg 5067-5079, 2002.
SMEDIS	Includes the REDIPHEM data archive and one EMU experiment. During the REDIPHEM (1992-95) project experimental data was collected on model evaluation. LATHEN C3H8 experiments by TüV/Risø FLADIS NH3 experiments by Risø/Hydro-Care/FOA/CBDE The SMEDIS data and others data sets can be found in the REDIPHEM archive at: http://www.risoe.dk/vea-atu/densegas/rediphem.htm	Acquisition only. Not to use without permission.
TRAPOS (Program for Optimization of Modeling Methods for Traffic Pollution in Streets)	TRAPOS is a research network under the European Commission Training and Mobility of Researchers Program. The objective is the ‘Optimization of Modeling Methods for Traffic Pollution in Streets’. Göttinger Strasse, Hanover: Air quality measurements included NO_x, NO₂, CO, benzene, toluene, xylene and soot. The measuring height was 1.5 m. Automatic traffic counts provided the vehicle flow in the street. An anemometer located on the top of a 10m mast provided mean and turbulence data on the wind in the street. Urban background measurements were available from a monitoring site located on the roof of a 32 m high building. Jagtvej, Copenhagen: Air quality measurements included dSO₂, NO_x, NO₂, CO, benzene, toluene, xylene and TSP. The measuring height was 3.5 m and the distance from the building walls was 5.7 m. Automatic traffic counts were performed during several months in the years 1994-95. Urban background measurements were available from a monitoring site located on the roof of a 20m high building. Meteorological data were measured from a 10m meteorological mast. Schildhorn Strasse, Berlin: Air quality measurements included NO_x, NO₂, CO, benzene, toluene and soot. Meteorological data were measured by a nearby meteorological measuring station 10 m above the rooftop level of surrounding buildings. More information can be found at this web page: http://www.dmu.dk/AtmosphericEnvironment/trapos/main.htm	Acquisition only.
REDIPHEM (Review and Dissemination of Physical Effects Models)	REDIPHEM is a data base of heavy gas dispersion experiments created under a contract with the European Commission. This includes data taken in the University of Hamburg Meteorological Institute wind tunnels and other datasets. The archives include data from the following field experiments: Burro LNG experiments by LLNL, selected Coyote LNG experiments by LLNL, Desert Tortoise NH₃ experiments by LLNL, selected Eagle N₂O₄ experiments by LLNL, Lathen C₃H₈ experiments by TüV/Risø, FLADIS NH₃ experiments by Risø/Hydro-Care/FOA/CBDE, selected Thorney Island freon experiments by HSE et al. and from the following wind tunnel experiments: University of Hamburg (generic obstacles) from MTH BA project plus early work by G. König, Warren Springs Laboratory (repeat experiments) from MTH BA project, and TNO from MTH BA & FLADIS projects. FLADIS involved a liquefied jet release of NH₃. Concentration measured at three arcs of sensors at 20, 70 and 238 m. http://www.risoe.dk/vea-atu/densegas/rediphem.htm	Acquisition only.
FLADIS	Risø , Hydro-Care , FOA , and CBDE studied dispersion of a continuous source of liquefied ammonia. The main purpose was to obtain a dataset with measurements of an initially dense jet which developed into a dilute plume with passive dispersion. The release rates were on the order of 0.5 kg/s and the release durations were relatively long, i.e. on the order of 20 minutes. Concentration measurements were made with arcs of sensors distributed across the plume at distances of 20, 70, and 240 m. The results may be used to calibrate heavy gas dispersion models. Also included as part of REDIPHEM. http://www.risoe.dk/vea-atu/densegas/fladis.htm	Acquisition only.
Other datasets used in the alongwind dispersion paper	Consisted of a collection of data sets for instantaneous or line source releases to study alongwind dispersion. The archives include data from the following field experiments: DTRA Phase I (see above), DP26 (see above), Kit Fox (see above), Hanford Kr⁸⁵, Marchwood wind tunnel, LROD (see above), Victoria, Oceanside, Ft. Wayne, EAPJ (Environmental Assessment Program Japan), SRDES (Short Range Diffusion Experiment Series). The Marchwood wind tunnel data focused on ensembles of short duration releases of neutrally-buoyant gas released at ground-level in a neutral boundary layer. It includes very detailed time series of concentration measured at four distances downstream. The Fort Wayne, the Victoria, and the Oceanside experiments involved elevated instantaneous line source releases from jet airplanes. The source elevations ranged from about 50 m to 200 m. The sampling lines were located about 2 to 12 km at Fort Wayne, 40 to 180 km at Victoria, and 23 km at Oceanside. The Fort Wayne releases were just upwind of a moderate-sized city and the Victoria and Oceanside releases were just offshore during onshore flows. The Fort Wayne, the Victoria, and the Oceanside datasets are available only as hard copies. SRDES involved near-ground releases of small puffs in a field, with monitoring mostly at a downwind distance of about 20 m. EAPJ involved the analysis of finite duration (30 min to 1 h) releases observed at downwind distances of a few kilometers. The full data base for SRDES and EAPJ is inaccessible, only s_x data are available and very limited turbulence data as hard copy.	Used for study alongwind dispersion.
Chesapeake Bay numerical modeling experiment, 2001	Consisted of a two-week intensive observation period over the Chesapeake Bay area. In addition to collecting traditional meteorological data, ~20 in-situ soil moisture instruments were deployed in the area. Aircraft flights by NOAA and NASA remotely sensed skin temperature, sea surface temperature, momentum flux, moisture flux, heat flux, temperature profiles and water vapor profiles in the observation area. High-resolution mesoscale meteorological models (ARPS, RAMS, OMEGA, and COAMPS) were run to simulate the complex meteorological conditions in the region.	Model evaluations with ARPS, MM5, RAMS (in progress).
Kincaid	The Kincaid power plant is located in Illinois and surrounded by flat farmland with some lakes. Tracer gas SF₆ was released from the plant stack, for approximately 350 hours during three three-week periods. Roughly 200 monitors were deployed on concentric arcs from 0.5 to 50 km from the stack. Meteorological data were measured at one 100-m tower (including turbulence data), one Doppler acoustic sounder, slow-rise temperature sounders, and several 10-m towers. The plumes were also scanned by lidar. There were also 30 SO₂ monitors operated for about one year. (The plant stack continuously emits SO₂.)	Have been used to evaluate a dispersion model (HPDM) from power-plant plumes.
Bull Run	This is a “sister” dataset to Kincaid. The Bull Run power plant is located in Tennessee and surrounded by rolling forested hills. Tracer gas SF₆ was released from the plant stack, for approximately 320 hours during two five-week periods. Roughly 200 monitors were deployed on concentric arcs from 0.5 to 50 km from the stack. Meteorological data were measured at one 100-m tower (including turbulence data), one Doppler acoustic sounder, slow-rise temperature sounders, and several 10-m towers. The plumes were also scanned by lidar.	Have been used to evaluate a dispersion model (HPDM) from power-plant plumes.
Indianapolis	The EPRI Indianapolis field study involved SF₆ tracer releases from the 83.8 m stack at the Perry K power plant in Indianapolis, Indiana. One hundred and seventy hours of tracer data are available from September and October, 1985, and represent all stability classes and most wind speed ranges. Data were taken in 8 or 9-hour blocks, with a total of 19 blocks. Meteorological observations were taken from a 94 m height at the top of a building in the middle of the urban area, and from three 10 m towers in urban, suburban, and rural locations (at the urban site the measuring height for some variables was 11 m, however. In addition, vertical profiles were taken by minisondes and acoustic sounders. Concentrations were observed on a network of about 160 ground-level monitors on arcs at distances ranging from 0.25 to 12.0 km from the stack. Vertical cross-sections of the plume were made by a lidar a few hundred meters downwind of the stack.	Have been used to evaluate a dispersion model (HPDM) from power-plant plumes.
SARMAP (San Joaquin Valley Air Quality Study, Regional Meteorological and Air Pollution)	A comprehensive research took place in the San Joaquin River area in Central California. Weather observations were from National Weather Service stations and several additional stations set up specifically for the SARMPA study. MM5 simulations were also made.	Data used to evaluate model performance of MM5.
LMOS (Lake Michigan Ozone Study)	The intensive field study included special radiosonde launches at three sites every six hours, and at a few additional stations at a lower frequency. MM5 and RAMS simulations were also made.	Data used to evaluate the performance of MM5 and RAMS.
OTAG (Ozone Transport Assessment Project)	Consisted of a nine-day period in the Eastern U.S. in July 1995 when regional ozone concentrations were high. The dataset mainly contains meteorological data from conventional National Weather Service network, and predictions by the MM5 and RAMS mesoscale meteorological models.	Data used for evaluation of the performance of MM5 and RAMS. Hanna, S.R., et al., 2001: Use of Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis to evaluate differences in observed and predicted ozone concentrations. To appear in J. Environ. Poll.